Immigration

It is worth mentioning that internationals are essential to the Canada economy, providing $31 billion each year. This commits about 1. According to the current government’s report on the economic implications of international education in Canada for 2022, this amounted to 2% of the country’s gross domestic product. Claims regarding monitoring contributions and economic effects In its estimation, international students spent approximately $37 billion in the United States. A total of $3 billion during 2022 on tuition, accommodation, and discretionary items should be paid to educational institutions, even after taking into consideration Canadian scholarships and bursaries. This high level of spending funded approximately 246,310 jobs all across Canada and remunerated $7. Some claimed that it would contribute about $4 billion in tax revenue. These results, revealed by Roslyn Kunin and Associates, showcase the key benefits of attracting international students to the Canadian economy. International and Offshore Students’ Enrollments According to the statistics, the number of international students in Canada increased by 61 percent between 2016 and 2022. It has risen from 523,971 in 2016 to 844,444 in 2022. The surge in long-term students in Canada was witnessed at this time and recorded a slight decline during the COVID-19 period. The fact that the enrolment of international students keeps on rising is a clear indication of Canada’s growing appeal to students from other countries. Canada: The most preferred destinations for international students According to the data collected in 2022, Ontario remained the top province of destination for international students, of which there were 432,272 in total, which was 51.1% of the total international students in Canada. Following this, British Columbia enrolled 186,886 students, accounting for 22% of the total count. With a small number of international students of 4,491, Prince Edward Island was at the top with regard to the annual percentage change in study permit holders, rising by more than 1,800 percent between 2000 and 2022. On the other hand, Nunavut and the northwestern territories were the most unpopular, attracting five and 35 students, respectively. Key Factors Driving Growth It is important to note that India is the largest source country for international students in Canada, with 319,130 study permit holders in 2022, up 47% from the prior year. Ranking third was the Philippines, with a 112 percent increase and 32,455 study permit holders. Other significant countries were Hong Kong SAR of China (increased 73%), Nigeria (increased 60%), and Colombia (increased 54%). However, policies that were set lately may affect these statistics, like the study permit cap that was implemented in March 2024. Similarly, and although limited, available information points to the fact that African students are more likely to be rejected visas compared to their counterparts in other parts of the world, information that could be used to predict future trends. Conclusion It cannot be disputed that international students have a great impact on enhancing the economic returns of Canada. The amount they spend provides employment for employees, pays taxes to the government, and forms part of the nation’s gross domestic product. As the number of international students in Canada increases, the potential for continued growth in the education sector and Canada economy is favorable.

The United States has informed the public that there will be a delay in the second phase of the proposed change in the H-1B visa system overhaul, which was likely to be later this year, at the end of 2024. The delay is problematic for several crucial regulations expected from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to help overhaul the H-1B program and strengthen F-1 student safeguards. Some of the changes that have been made to the H-1B visa system The first series of changes implemented involved the transformation of the application process for H-1B visas under USCIS, where the cap had been based on lottery through registration and is now based on selection through beneficiary. These changes have been followed by other new measures to reduce fraud while forming the basis for future amendments. Modernization of the H-1B Program: Cap-Gap Protections for F-1 Students: Anticipated improvements will retain continued work permission for F1 students to transfer to HIB status.Specialty Occupation Definition: Proposed alterations concern efforts to change the parameters and specify what types of occupations are eligible for an H-1B visa.Fraud Detection and National Security: The increase in site visits is applied to help avoid fraud and conformity.USCIS Adjudicators: New rules are expected to set up a practice that will enable adjudicators to make references to prior decisions and also ease the application process. Employment Authorization Extensions In April 2024, DHS granted 540 days of automatic employment derived from renewal applicants, up from the initial 180 days proposed in the 2019 silence budget request. There is an ongoing consultation on whether this should be a permanent measure, and the periods applied for will be reviewed by December 7, 2024, at the latest. Biometrics Collection for Noncitizens Another photograph suggests that the DHS will further increase its power to take biometrics from noncitizens on exit. Collecting is currently restricted to pilot programs and specified channels of entry. The regulation that was planned to come into force starting in December 2024 will see off these provisions while improving the photograph rules at entry and exit. Overhaul of the southerly H-1B/L-1 Border Security Fee The H-1B/L-1 border security fee is also expected to grow. The following proposed fee changes reflect the Trump administration’s desire to make comprehensive modifications to current immigration policies. Still now, large employers are required to pay fees for H-1B or L-1 status witting, new visas, or changes in employer. It is proposed that these fees also apply to stay extensions filed by such employers by April 2025. The developments made in the adjustment of the status process Further improvements are anticipated for the adjustment of the status process:Child Status Protection Act: Visa Availability—some further explanation.Employment Authorization: Some extensions may be specified for certain derivative beneficiaries.Travel Authorization: New Pathways for Protracted Displacement: The Future of Temporary Protected Status.These modifications are planned to take place by August 2024. Emerging Changes in the International Entrepreneur Parole Program Currently, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada still invests its resources in the IEPP; however, until August 2024, the federal Department of Homeland Security has proposed some alterations regarding the direct investment and revenue minimum for the IEPP. Further, new regulations to improve employment authorization for spouses who are dependents, increase flexibilities for nonimmigrants, and improve EAD policies are planned to be promulgated by January 2025. Conclusion The H-1B visa system is due for an upgrade, and the same goes for the F-1 student protection rules. The DHS has continued to work to update and make the immigration system better. The expected changes are to achieve fairer protections for international students, easier visa policies, and fraud prevention.

Copenhagen is launching yet another initiative to promote sustainable tourism through the use of a single-use payment technology called, CopenPay. Duration of this campaign was from July 15 to August 11 where tourists are encouraged to pick up litter, ride bike, take public transportation etc. Now, let’s explore some ways on how you can get free lunches, free museum tour, and all while saving the earth in Denmark’s capital city. What is CopenPay? CopenPay is a unique initiative of Copenhagen city to spread awareness about sustainable tourism among travellers. The proposal is for the sustainable management of tourist-related activities without necessarily increasing the number of tourists visiting the city. Play a positive part in tourism and tourists are likely to receive incentives including lunches, coffees, museum visits, wines and kayaks. How Does CopenPay Work? As a result of this chain, tourists are required to prove commitment to environmentally friendly practices in order to be allowed to join CopenPay. This can be achieved by displaying a ticket for public transport or producing any material that proves one has done some ‘litter picking’, for instance a photograph. Once the identification is complete, tourists get rewards from one of the 24 local businesses operating under the program. Why CopenPay? According to Mikkel Aaro Hansen, the CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, CopenPay provides an opportunity for people to make a difference and ‘travel’ more in Copenhagen while bearing less impact on the environment. Rikke Holm Petersen, the communications chief of the tourism board said, “When you travel abroad whether by flight, by car, you are a pollutant, one of the things we can alter is how sustainable the visitors are on the occasion.” Local Business Participation Onestrength of CopenPay is that it engages manyslot of local businesses. At present, twenty-four local businesses participate in the initiative, and they provide rewards without any help from the government. It aligns with the need to empower the community members to take ownership of the program to make it sustainable and effective. Copenhagen’s Commitment to Sustainability Sophie Haestorp Andersen, Copenhagen’s mayor, also welcomed the project by saying: ‘I am looking forward to having an opportunity to support an initiative such as CopenPay that combines culture heritage with the dedication to sustainable solutions.’ Future of CopenPay The outcome of this small scale plan has the potential to make the experiment go on for the rest of the year. If successful though, it could be a long term strategic move for Copenhagen to promote tourist use of CopenPay and therefore the city would benefit by having more and sustainable tourists. How to Participate Engage in Eco-Friendly Actions: Activities such as litter picking, biking, or availing public transport, among others are acceptable.Provide Evidence: You shall exhibit a public transport ticket or display a photo of the action that you took in support of the environment.Earn Rewards: Other incentives to participate include free lunches, coffees, museum tickets, glasses of wine, kayaks, among others from the local traders.

Sweden, for example, has recently increased the minimum wage threshold for work permit applications for the first time and for renewals. By analysing the changes to the work permit salaries in Sweden in the calendar year 2024, these Sweden Work Permit Changes 2024 are important for foreign employees to plan for their earnings and negotiate their remunerations while working in Sweden. The new threshold is a critical approach to meeting the new salary requirements that dictate this change. Important Changes to the Work Permit Salary Threshold In Sweden, the new aggregate of work permit eligibility as of June 18, 2024, increased, which is 28,480 SEK per month, or 80% of the new median salary of 35000 SEK. This amount is 118% above the former limit of 13,000 kronor set in October 2023. Currently, the government of Sweden aims at increasing the threshold to 100% of the median wage, or 35,600 kronor, on June 1, 2025.To help alleviate this problem, a one-year grace period is now in place for renewals of work permits, and the current requirement of 80% of the median salary will still be in force until June 1, 2026. This way, the existing permit holders get enough time to come to terms with the new provisions. Who Will the New Salary Threshold Apply To? All new work permit applications and renewals after June 18, 2024, will be governed by the new salary threshold. This change will not affect applications already under consideration. The salary threshold will be adjusted annually according to the newest available median salary data from Statistics Sweden. Thus, applicants must be ready for some changes every year.However, the salary should be adequate and should conform to the industry payslip or any collective bargaining recognition. This means that if it meets the test of the threshold, it must also be reasonable for the job and the industry. Specifics for Seasonal Workers Specific conditions apply to those temporary employees in Sweden provided with a permit for work for 90 days or less. They have to be paid according to the old criteria, which means they have to earn 13,000 SEK before tax each month. However, their salaries must also accord with the job market, union scale, or minimum wage, which may be higher than the minimum wage. Impact on Foreign Workers Increasing the salary threshold to a much higher value means that foreign workers have to seriously rethink their plans concerning employment in Sweden. New applicants and those who wish to renew their licenses will have to make concessions for higher salaries to meet the standard. When this change happens, it can create a situation where buyers and sellers of labour are forced to engage in competition, hence changing the field of play.The plan to raise it to 100% of the median salary by June 2025 shows the commitment of the Swedish government to fair remunerations for foreign workers. Nevertheless, having such a grace period will give all the stakeholders some time to prepare for such massive changes. Conclusion Sweden has recently increased the work permit application salary threshold from €2450 to €5300, which is almost 120% more, showing the country’s willingness to allow only foreign workers with salaries that would be considered reasonable by today’s standards. The phased implementation and grace period are envisaged to assist the working population and employers. Thus, applicants need to be aware of annual changes and current standards in order to meet the requirements and successfully apply for a work permit.

India is among the fastest-growing source markets for Türkiye over the first five months of 2024. For instance, as per the Turkish Tourist Board statistics, the number of Indian Tourists in Türkiye totals 126,400, which is a 34 percent rise compared to 2023’s similar months. This rise also confirms that Turkey is one of the leading travel destinations for Indian fun and adventure lovers. Experimenting with More Indians Based on the above finding, the total number of Indian tourists visiting Turkey in 2023 has been captured in the following database as 2,740,000. This is so because the period from January to May 2024 particularly deploys nearly half of the effects of the total number of Indian tourists from the previous year. This is evidenced by the higher preference of the people for specifically Turkish, especially Indian travellers who want to explore various ultures. Top Historical Destinations and Tourist Arrivals from India in Turkey In time, many regions and cities of Turkey have surely attracted Indian tourists because every place is unique in its own way. Istanbul: Being among the top foreign cities that Indians have visited in recent years because of its historical and cultural significance and good food, Istanbul continues to entice Indians. It also has a rich history and other tourist attractions such as the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, which keep pulling in tourists. Cappadocia: This area is visited for the different types of terrain available and hot air balloon facilities, and many Indians must have visited Cappadocia. Such tourist spots are almost like those out of fairytales, and the idea of hotels in caves is indeed out of this world indeed. Antalya and Bodrum: These are areas that have a beautiful sandy shoreline and are also ideal for fine luxury accommodations. Weddings, honey moons, luxury parties, or any event—most of the time, people prefer these places. The Mediterranean region is unique in its surroundings and also incorporates a high level of facilities for events and celebrations. Pamukkale, İzmir, and Alaçatı: These are some of the places which are popular for their scenic views and archeological importance. Today, new guests appear to be the source of interest, such as thermal springs in Pamukkale, the sea coast in İzmir, and colorful streets in Alaçatı attract a large number of Indians. In order to increase tourism, there are the following strategic measures: At the moment, the Türkiye Tourism Board has not left any stone unturned in fostering partnerships with the Indian travel trade for tourism uplift. This year, the board completed its six-city India roadshow with TAAI, or the Travel Agents Association of India, in March. This effort was geared towards enhancing cooperation between Indian travel agents and Turkey’s tourism stakeholders. Similarly, the now-concluded family tour of OTOAI from June 30 to July 6, 2024, contributed significantly to the branding of tourist attractions in Turkey. It included 40 people from OTOAI from all over India and covered all the dimensions of tourism. The time has come for Turkey to pay equal attention to strengthening its relationship with Indian travel agents and offer products that may entice and instill traveller interest. Conclusion Hence, for Indian guests, there is a 34% rise in the number of visitors travelling to Turkey in January and May 2024. India still continues to prefer Turkey as their holiday destination because of its historical interests, picturesque geography, and attempts to introduce selective ways of reaching out to Indian tour operators. They also expect that the frequency of Indian tourists looking for different experiences that Turkish destinations provide will also increase in the future.

Canada, which has always offered shelter to immigrants in search of a better life, is gradually becoming a difficult place. The targeted subjects of the policy are Indian youth pursuing education with the aim of finding jobs and, later on, permanent residency and Canadian citizenship. Rising unemployment, unaffordable housing, an increasing burden of loans, and a rising crime rate are destroying such dreams, thus making Canada immigration crisis. Jobs Crisis The increase in temporary residents and immigrants in the recent past has been seen to have contributed to the unemployment rate in Canada. In June, the unemployment rate of temporary residents, which can be foreign workers, international students, and asylum seekers, was 11%, as reported by Bloomberg. Among the newcomers who arrived within the last five years, though, it was slightly higher at 12.6% This is, however, in contrast to the overall unemployment rate, which stands at 6.2%. Scotiabank economist Derek Holt also noted that a significant portion of the increase in the unemployment rate has been caused by a large number of temporary residents. Given the record number of individuals coming into Canada, the labour market fails to accommodate them, hence a drop in the quality of life. While Canada’s GDP increase is attributable to population growth, social conditions—youth and immigrants—are getting worse. Unaffordable Housing Canada is one of the countries that is experiencing a higher level of housing unaffordability. The immigrant population has risen greatly over the past few years, and the demand for housing has surpassed the supply, thus leading to high costs. Mortgage costs have also been worsened by high inflation and the 22-year high interest rates. The Canadian government has tried its best to tackle the problem of the housing deficit. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced a C$6 billion ($4.42 billion) Canada Housing Infrastructure Fund to boost the construction and improvement of housing. Moreover, mortgage rules have been changed in a way to enable first-time homeowners to delay their payment schedule from 25 to 30 years. Nevertheless, housing remains a major unattainable dream for many and results in such scenarios as in North Bay, Ontario, where the India students at Canadore College had to resort to sleeping in tents for lack of appropriate accommodation. Loan Burden Even many students in India avail themselves of large loans of around CAD 20000 to CAD 40000 to study in Canada. However, moving from the academic environment to the working environment has become hard. The gig economy that many students use for part-time employment has also been affected, deepening their misery. That is why increased costs of living and difficulty finding a job make students stressed and frustrated with their financial situation. Rising Crime Canada has suffered a significant increase in crime and delinquency, especially in large cities such as Toronto. In break-ins for auto thefts, home invasions increased by 400 percent last year. The Criminal Intelligence Service of Canada revealed a thirty percent increase in the identified criminal organisations in 2022 compared to the previous year. As a result of this social degeneration, Indian security agencies have reported increased incidences of gangs that are related to Khalistani terror and international drug cartels. Reverse Migration However, as the conditions get worse, reverse migration is slowly becoming a phenomenon. According to Statistics Canada, 42,000 people emigrated from Canada during the initial half of 2023 and approximately 94,000 in 2022. This trend is a clear pointer to the fact that immigrants are quickly losing faith in the system. The Institute for Canadian Citizenship highlighted that this outmigration rate surged to its highest level in the past 20 years in 2019 but declined during the COVID-19 outbreak and has risen again after the relaxation of the measures. Conclusion Canada, a dream for many immigrants and a country that many hoped to find refuge in, is now struggling to overcome major hardships. Poor employment, skyrocketing housing, high interest rates on loans, and increasing insecurity are forcing many to reverse their decision. With such reverse migration trends in operation, it is about time that these problems are solved so as to bring back Canada as a favourite country among immigrants.

Based on the Kuwait new visa rules, it is apparent that the recent changes in visa policy are meant to improve the welfare of expatriates that are in the government sector in Kuwait. These changes were noted by Sheikh Fahad Al Yousuf Al Sabah, the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence and Interior, who said that the changes allow for visa transfers from the government to the private sector. This framework fosters inter-country mobility and flexibility of workers within the legal requirements, enhancing chances for expatriates. What is new in the new visa rules?  Since July 14, the ability to transfer the visa to private employers in certain circumstances has also expanded for domestic workers. Approval from the current employer: The transfer can only occur if the original worker has permission from their current employer. Minimum Residency Period: This means that one or many of the employees must have worked for the current employer for at least one year. Transfer Fee: For the transfer of the visa, which is an electronic visa, a charge of 50 dinars (around Dh600) is collected. Service Charge: An extra charge of 10 dinars per year of service with the current employer must also be made. These conditions are meant to keep relations balanced to avoid disruptions and help retain fair labour relations in the nation.  Outcome of the Amnesty Period  The new visa rules came after the three-month grace period that started in March and expired in June. This amnesty made it possible for unlawful residents, who are expatriates in Kuwait, to regularise their status. It was now possible to pay the penalties, get new residency, or leave the territory of the USA without paying fines. The amnesty period was one of the general actions performed by Kuwait to regulate the number of foreigners and increase the rate of legal behaviour among them.  Learn about the violations related to illegal housing and safety concerns.  Parallel to the visa reforms, Kuwait has also stepped up its campaign on the evils of illegal housing. There was a disaster in which an electrical short circuit led to a fire accident that claimed 50 lives. This led to follow-up action against the squatters, particularly in Bnied Al-Gar, where expatriates, especially bachelors, were ejected from their residences. Utilities terminated the power and water in three structures, which left many without homes during mid-summer, when it was over 45 degrees Celsius.  Advantages of the New Visa Policy  The introduction of new visa rules presents several benefits: Enhanced Labour Mobility: With more competition, expatriates can look for job openings in the private sector, thus improving the markets for employment. Legal Compliance: The measures also increase the legal framework around the transfer of visas in a way that minimises the possibilities of abuse and unlawful work. Economic Growth: Therefore, if Kuwait allows the mobility of skilled labour into the private sector, this helps to improve the nation’s economy and development.  Challenges and Considerations   While the new visa rules offer numerous advantages, there are challenges and considerations to address: Employer Consent: This may present a challenge to some workers when trying to seek approval from their current employer. Financial Burden: The transfer fee and service charges might prove to be prohibitive for the workers, especially those in the lower income earners’ bracket. Housing Issues: The battle against the blackshedders brings to mind the scarceness of decent and cheap accommodation, especially for expatriates.  Conclusion  Kuwait’s new visa rules are quite liberal in nature, which would go a long way towards enhancing labour flexibility and legalism in Kuwait. In order to achieve a more flexible labour market, the Kuwaiti government managed to give civil employees the opportunity to transfer their visas to private companies. However, the challenges that come with these reforms must be seriously tackled to avoid robbing the intended beneficiaries.

Oh, just imagine earning your salary for that! Most global destinations and the majority of towns in the world have developed a number of attractive financial incentives to attract more inhabitants. Be it startup grants in Chile, affordable houses in Italy, or teaching jobs in Asia, these global locations have made relocation look more interesting than it has ever been. 1. Chile Chile is not solely about tourist attractions like the Atacama Desert and the Patagonian region. undefinedBuild: A four-month business incubation programme that offers ten million pesos, or approximately 14,000 US dollars, and a business venue.Ignite: invests in new businesses that require funding for expanding themselves; provides approximately $30,000 and further $30,000.Growth: Focused on advanced startups, it offers $80,000 in investment to create and improve a startup community. 2. Candela, Italy This charming southern town will let you move for between €800 (around $870) for singles and €2,000 (around $2,175) for families, but only if you make the town your permanent home, are employed, and purchase a house constructed before 1991. This site has the sophistication of an Italian city vacation without the tourists and is two hours from Naples and one hour from the beach. 3. Sambuca di Sicilia, Italy They can purchase a house for 1 euro if they agree to restore it at a cost of €15,000 (around $17000) within 3 years and a non-refundable €5000 deposit in Sicily. The weather was pleasant, and the food was out of this world. Sicily provided an enriching cultural tour. 4. Sardinia, Italy For €15,000 (about $16,200), you could obtain a house in a rural area of Sardinia, provided you prove that you’ll fix it up. For this measure, the Sardinian government has allocated resources in the amount of 45 million euros to avoid depopulation and isolation. The applicants have to relocate to a town or city with less than 3000 inhabitants, make Sardinia the only place they live in, and continue to reside there for at least 18 months. 5. Tuscany, Italy That is, the region of Tuscany has recently initiated a programme under which, for $1,000 per month, you can get up to €30,000 for the renovation of a house if you agree to move to one of the 76 rural towns. The idea behind this programme is to stop the decline in population by offering monetary incentives for the renovation of old houses. There are different locations available for applicants; one is Capraia Isola or even the countryside of Casciano dei Bagni. 6. Denmark Though Denmark does not provide people to’move to work here’, it provides one of the best education, health, and welfare services, making it ideal for businesspeople and freelancers. Its stunning coastlines, cycling-friendly towns and cities, and title as one of the happiest countries in the world are very appealing. 7. Ireland Enterprise Ireland can therefore attract expats by granting them funding and tax credits for innovation startups. Getting approved provides one with a chance to sell products in the EU and experience the friendly Ireland offered with its lovely scenery. 8. Albinen, Switzerland Albinen offers 25000 US dollars per adult and 10000 US dollars per child to the new inhabitants under 45 years old on the condition that they should buy a house or home worth 223200 US dollars and should reside in the place for a minimum of 10 years. It is an enchanting and tranquil place, perfect for those who want to get away from the noise and pollution of the concrete jungle. 9. Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam These countries have teaching opportunities for residents from Europe and the U.S. It is an easy process to live in other countries and explore amazing cultures, foods, and lifestyles at a very low cost. 10. Mauritius Mauritius provides Mauritian rupees 20,000 (approximately $440) for new business ideas that have high chances of success. The island promises a good climate, a well-developed economy, efficient schools, and free medical care, which is crucial for businessmen. 11. Ponga, Spain Spain’s Ponga will pay €3,000 (the equivalent of $3,262) to young couples who are willing to work and live in the area for five years and €3,000 for each child. This region has beautiful scenery and friendly people and would be an ideal environment for raising a family. 12. Saskatchewan, Canada Saskatchewan pays up to $20000 in tax to the graduates from the approved institution, provided they have lived in this province for 10 years. It offers a fine blend of city life and outdoor activities, perfect for the young working population. 13. New Zealand Kaitangata of New Zealand sells land and housing for as little as $165,000 in an effort to increase population. It is a famous country with stunning scenery and some of the best adventure tourism activities in the world. 14. Antikythera, Greece Antikythera provides a monthly allowance of €500 (about $542) for a family with three or more kids, free accommodation, and free food for a family that is willing to move. This island nation is now looking to increase its population with professionals, skilled workers, and families. 15. Legrad, Croatia This city in Croatia offers homes for as low as 13 cents in a bid to woo inhabitants. One must not be over the age of forty-five, legally unmarried, have no criminal record, or own a house. It has a provision for supplementary funding for the renovations, and the population of the town has considered this programme. 16. Arkansas, USA To encourage the new residents to work remotely, the Northwest Arkansas Council provides up to $10,000 plus a bike. This region is endowed with attractive natural physical features, numerous cultural facilities, and a well-developed community spirit. 17. Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Through Tulsa Remote, $10,000 and a space to co-work are given to anyone willing to relocate to Tulsa. Thus, the programme is designed to target successful people and contribute to the development of a lively atmosphere in the city.

The unemployment in Canada is on the rise, especially among temporary residents and immigrants in the recent past. Although Canada has been experiencing a record wave of immigration to meet labour demands, immigrants are now facing hardships to find jobs. Increased unemployment among temporary residents The average unemployment rate of temporary residents, which includes foreign employees, overseas students, and refugees, was 11% in June, as per the Bloomberg data. However, the unemployment rate for all workers was slightly lower at 6 percent on average during the same period, while the health sector’s growth rate stood at 2 percent. Such a difference shows that temporary residents face several more challenges in securing employment than the general population. Challenges for Recent Immigrants Employment is also difficult for immigrants to Canada, especially those who arrived in the last five years, because their unemployment rate is as high as 12 percent. undefined On BNN Bloomberg Television, Derek Holt, an economist from Scotiabank, pointed out that temporary residents are now the largest source of the increasing unemployment rate.As cited by the governor of the Bank of Canada, Tiff Macklem, the flexibility of the Canadian labour market has become unkind to youth and immigrants. These groups, likely to be renters, are worse off financially in the wake of tough employment prospects. Government Response and Future Perspective The Trudeau-led government of Canada is weighing the idea of reducing the intake of temporary residents with the aim of averting continued tightening of the country’s labour market. The government wants to decrease the number of temporary residents to 20% within the next three years; this may contribute to maintaining an appropriate supply and demand for labour. Those who have become unemployed include the growing population of temporary residents and recent immigrants, who now constitute almost one-fifth of the unemployed workforce, as they are about one-tenth of the labour force. This important contribution to the overall unemployment rate has increased by more than half in less than two years. Using data obtained from Bloomberg, it was computed that the unemployment rate for temporary residents was 5%, their lowest record. undefined However, the decision to relax measures for foreign students and workers during the pandemic might not have paid off, particularly when many of them are now facing challenges of unemployment given the shortage of jobs. Integration Difficulties and Future Dynamics This has characterised new immigrants as going through a long, socially constructed cycle of labour market integration in Canada. A recent survey revealed a startling insight: the unemployment rate of the immigrants who have entered Canada recently is about 2.2 times higher than that of the Canadian-born workers. But it takes them a decade or more to get employment, and then they get an employment opportunity just like any other maritimer or any other native-born Canadian. The labour market is increasingly divided into two distinct groups: employed working Canadians and Canadians in vulnerable employment. As documented by Brendon Bernard, an economist at Indeed, it has been the long-term employees with high career stability that have not been as negatively impacted, it is the temporary or gig workers that have borne the burden. There is more people but employer’s demand is less which lead to large number of candidates for fewer vacancies.

The US Supreme Court has recently reversed a ruling made in the Chevron case, which was established forty years prior and dictated that the courts must give substantial weight to the decisions of the federal agency. This decision is critical in imposing changes to immigration laws with an impact on the Indian population in several ways.  Migration lawyers have postulated that this decision will enhance the probability of success by US employers with immigrant employees, especially those on H-1B visas, in appealing adverse decisions made by USCIS. For instance, cases that challenge the refusal to extend the visa on the grounds that the occupation is a specialty might elicit better results. On the other hand, the work authorization for H-4 visa holders whose spouses are H-1B applicants awaiting green cards may be back to facing legal uncertainties.  Justice John Roberts, while delivering his ruling in the Loper Bright Enterprises case in late June, reiterated that the court has the duty to decide whether an agency has exceeded its authority under legislation. Rajiv S. Khanna, a managing attorney at Immigration.com, said, On the lemon side, the Loper Bright decision is positive and negative, whereby this type of order enables courts to review both beneficial and adverse decisions by USCIS and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) based on their interpretation of one or many factors to which agency interpretations are not inherently entitled to a deference.  The ruling is clearly a mixed blessing. It may allow US employers who use H-1B or L-1 workers via intra-company transfers to help them succeed in their cases more frequently. Cyrus D. Mehta, an immigration lawyer in New York, said to TOI’s Lubna Kably, “The abandonment of Chevron means that federal courts will no longer respect a government agency’s interpretation of a provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Any employer may be able to find a court that is willing to interpret a statue that grants H-1B or L visa classification to a noncitizen worker in a more  She also found that the USCIS’s overly strict approach to defining categories such as “extraordinary ability” or “outstanding researcher” in employment-based first preference petitions could be successfully challenged in federal court. He added, “The exact wording of the statute will bind the USCIS, and its broad interpretation of the statute may no longer be permissible.”  A group called Save Jobs USA, which claims to represent American tech workers, is currently on appeal at the DC Circuit Court of Appeals to challenge the H-4 EAD rule. They contend that the Loper Bright decision nullifies the H-4 EAD programme since the US Congress did not delegate the power to establish it. Several previous court decisions have supported the DHS’s ability to issue work authorization to lawfully admitted persons. Khanna also noted that the previous court decision, which endorsed the EAD rule, did not rely on the overturned legal doctrine.  At least ninety thousand H-4 dependent visa holders from India, mostly women, have employment authorization documents that allow them to work or be self-employed. The Obama administration in 2015 formulated the EAD rule for immigrants, including the Indian diaspora, who await for a long time to get an employment-based green card. Under this rule, the H-4 visa holder can apply for employment authorization if the H-1B visa recipient is on the path to a green card or has received an extension beyond the six-year term. However, with new litigation, these families are in a state of uncertainty.  However, Mehta still has hope and said, “Despite the absence of Chevron, there is also a clear authorization for the USCIS to grant work authorization to the noncitizens and also to set time and other conditions for the nonimmigrants under the INA.”